現代美術學報 20[摘要] | 各期學報

摘要

文化價值不僅是文化的傳承，更在於文化的開創，終而凝聚共識認同文化，文化政策的目標即是在公民社會中推展出具有文化價值的機制與環境。當代博物館的角色功能正面臨急遽轉變的社會挑戰，在維護傳統文化的同時，博物館如何回應時代變遷，轉而省思博物館存在的「價值」與「使命」，並檢視博物館在文化發展上可以扮演的角色功能及對於時空脈絡下社會文化境況的回應。本文秉持新時代博物館對於社會需求的回應及與文化開創的信念，在此借用文化價值的觀點來檢視博物館的當代藝術家的駐館計畫^[1]。

本文將以美國 Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum、日本大原美術館二個博物館與當代藝術家的合作計畫為研究案例，分析博物館設置的宗旨及當下困境，規劃藝術家駐館計劃的內容、模式及成效，以及對於博物館所衍生的影響。透過藝術家駐館計畫，歷史悠久的典藏文物獲得重新詮釋的機會，機構組織與空間環境得以活化再造，而跨領域的整合更激盪出文化藝術的嶄新面貌。這些博物館因應時代變遷及營運理念的轉型，基於對文化傳承、開展及認同的理想，透過與藝術家建立合作夥伴關係，有效地為組織營運注入新思維，創造新的價值及認同。

藝術家駐館計畫不僅是文化開創的生產機制，亦是新時代博物館的營運策略。藉此，博物館組織不僅獲得新的能量及視野，新藝術的生產更創造新的文化資產，文化得以傳承再創，是為當代博物館在社會文化上可以兼顧的文化功能。建構藝術生產的贊助機制，擁抱與當代藝術家的異質撞擊，博物館扮演了介入未來社會及文化傳承更積極的角色，成為文化開創的策動者。

註解

^{^}美術館為博物館眾多類型之一，文中討論的博物館案例均屬藝術類博物館，然機構全名分別以美術館，藝術館及博物館等不同名稱命名。本文針對特定機構的討論時，以該機構的全名稱之。若就博物館營運管理之議題討論時，則因屬博物館研究範疇，則以博物館通論之。

關鍵詞

博物館管理、藝術家進駐計畫、文化價值、合作夥伴關係

Abstract

The value of culture lies not only in the lineage; more importantly, it also consists in the making of culture, and in its ultimate cohesion and identity. As expected, the aim of cultural policies is to promote institutions and environments of cultural values in the civic society. The role and functions of museums today are being challenged by rapidly transforming societies. While safeguarding traditional cultures, it is also critical that museums reflect upon their "mission" and "value" in response to historic changes over time, and consider the role they may play in the development of cultures, as well as the feedbacks they may give in the context of certain socio-cultural conditions. Grounded in the principle of cultural re-initiation and considering the social demands made of museums of the new era, this paper examines museums’ artist-in-residence programs from the perspectives of cultural values.

In this paper, the aim of museum establishment, its present problems, the intended projects, patterns and outcomes of the museum’s artist-in-residence programs, and finally the significance and value produced in relation to the museum itself, are analyzed with evidence drawn from case studies on the collaboration between museums and contemporary artists at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (USA) and the Ohara Museum of Art (Japan). Faced with the whirling changes of time and demands for operational transformations, these museums forged new partnerships with artists in their idealistic intentions to re-initiate, pass down and identify culture. They also brought in new ideas of operations at organizational level, modified organizational culture, and showed operational efficiency.

Through the artist-in-residence programs, collections are given opportunities of re-interpretation, organizations and display spaces are re-thought and revived, and moreover, integration across fields works up the brand new features for arts and culture. Museum institutions are thereby able to renew their energies and horizons, while the production of new arts creates new cultural capital. Culture gets to be passed down from generation to generation in their re-creation, which reinforces the positive influences exerted by contemporary museums on culture and society. Museums become the activists of cultural re-initiation by playing a more active role in cultural heritage for future societies, constructing institutions of patronage for artistic production and embracing the heterogeneous coalition with contemporary artists.